TENSES

chapter 1

What is tenses?

Tenses is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that deictically refers to the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in relation to some other temporal reference point. Or can be interpreted also as, Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time - past, present and future. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other languages have no tenses, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.


chapter 2
Type of tenses 

1.   Present Tense

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:

ü  the action is general

ü  the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future

ü  the action is not only happening now

ü  the statement is always true

Ø  Simple present tense

Formula :

(+)       : S + V1 + O/C

(-)        : S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

(?)        :  Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

For I, We, You, They = do                                He, She, It = Does

Ø  Present Continuous tense

Formula :

(+)       : subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object

(-)        : subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object

(?)        : to be + subject + verb – ing + object

For I = am                    They, we, you = are                He, She, It = Is

Ø  Present Perfect tense

Formula :

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb

Ø  Present Perfect Continuous tense

Formula :

(+)       : S + have/has + been + Ving

(-)        : S + have/has + not + been + Ving

(?)        : Have/has + S + been + Ving

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now.

2.   Past Tenses

The simple past tense is sometimes called the preterite tense. We can use several tenses to talk about the past, but the simple past tense is the one we use most often.

To make the simple past tense, we use:

ü  past form only

ü  or auxiliary did + base form

Ø  Simple Past tense

Formula :

(+)       : S + Be + Was/Were + O/C

(-)        : S + Be + Was/Were + not + O/C

(?)        : Be + Was/Were + S + O/C

For I, He, She, It = Was                       They, we, you = were

Ø  Past Continuous tense

Formula :

(+)        : S + was/were + Ving

(-)        : S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?)        : Was/Were + S + Ving

Ø  Past Perfect Tense

Formula :

Subject + HAVE + main verb

(+)        : S + had + V3

(-)        : S + had + not + V3

(?)        : Had + S + V3

Ø  Past Perfect Continuous tense

Formula :

Subject + HAVE + BE + main verb

3.   (Present) Future Tenses

The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.

Ø  (Present) Simple Future tense

Formula :

Subject + WILL + main verb

Ø  (Present) Future Continuous tense

Formula :

Subject + WILL + BE + main verb

Ø  (Present) Future Perfect tense

Formula :

Subject + WILL + HAVE + main verb

Ø  (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula :

Subject + WILL + HAVE + BE + main verb

4.   Conditional / Past Future Tense

Ø  (Simple) Conditional / Past Future tense

Formula :

(+)        : S + would + V1

(-)        : S + would + not + V1

(?)        : Would + S + V1

Ø  Conditional / Past Future Continuous tense

Formula :

(+)        : S + would + be + Ving

(-)        : S + would + not + be + Ving

(?)        : Would + S + be + Ving

Ø  Conditional / Past Future Perfect tense

Formula :

(+)        : S + would + have + V3

(-)        : S + would + not + have + V3

(?)        : Would + S + have + V3

Ø  Conditional / Past Future Perfect Continuous tense

Formula :

(+)        : S + would + have + been + Ving

(-)        : S + would + not + have + been + Ving

(?)        : Would + S + have + been + Ving

chapter 3 

Examples sentence of tenses

1.     Present Tense

Ø  Present Tense
I do do, I do

      I am a teacher
You are a teacher
We are teachers
They are teachers

Ø  Present Continuous Tense
I am doing, I am doing tomorrow

      Mr. Teguh si writing a new book
I am going to Surabaya at 07.30 tomorrow
It is raining day

Ø  Present Perfect Tense
I have done

      (+) I have been at home for a month
(-)  Mr. Handoko has not eaten the sate already
(?)  Has Mr. Imam been here since 06.00 ? 

Ø  Present Perfect Continuous Tense
I have been doing

      He has been playing football since elementary school

      Marina has not been learning english for two years

      Have you been reading a book for an hour ? 

2.      Past Tenses

Ø  Past Tense
I did do, I did

      He was a businessman in 1999

      I sell these motorcycles in Surabaya

      She did not visit me yesterday 

Ø  Past Continuous Tense
I was doing

      He was sleeping when I came

      He was not sleeping when I came

      Was he sleeping when I came ?

Ø  Past Perfect Tense
I had done

      They had been here before 1945
They had not been here before 1945
Had they been here before 1945 ? 

Ø  Past Perfect Continuous Tense
I had been doing

      He had been living in Jakarta about ten years
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? 

3.      (Present) Future Tenses

Ø  Future Tense
I will do
      The students are going to have a test next month
The students are not going to have a test next
Are the students going to have a test next month ? 

Ø  Future Continuous Tense
I will be doing
      I will be watching a movie tonight
I will not be watching a movie tonight
Will you be watching a movie tonight ?

Ø  Future Perfect Tense
I will have done

      I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
I will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning ?

Ø  Future Perfect Continuous Tense
I will have been doing

      My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning

      My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning
Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning? 

4.      Conditional / Past Future Tense

Ø  Past future tense

He would come if you invited him.

      He should be in Banten next month
He should not be in Banten next month
Should he be in Banten next month ? 

Ø  Past Future Continuous tense

 I should be swimming at this time the following day.

       My brother would be finishing Thesis last week
My brother would not be finishing Thesis last week
Would your brother be finishing Thesis last week? 

Ø  Past Future Perfect tense

He would have graduated if he had studies hard.

      My mother should have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow
My mother should not have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow
Should your mother have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow ? 

Ø  Past Future Perfect Continuous tense

Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

      I would have working in leading companies for 10 years
I would not have working in leading companies for 10 years
Would you have working in leading companies for 10 years ? 

Reference :

http://www.belajaringgris.net/belajar-grammar-kumpulan-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-lengkap.html

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_sys-what.htm

http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/